Essential Ladder Inspection Guidelines

By Michael Matthew — Safety.Inc | Certified Health & Safety Consultant | Operational Risk Management Professional

Ladders are common tools in many workplaces and homes, yet they pose significant risks if not properly maintained. Each year, thousands of injuries occur due to ladder failures or misuse. Regular ladder inspections play a crucial role in preventing accidents and ensuring safety. This guide covers essential steps for conducting thorough ladder inspections, what to look for, and why consistent checks matter for safety and compliance.

Close-up view of an aluminum extension ladder resting against a wall

Close-up view of an aluminum extension ladder resting against a wall

Why Regular Ladder Inspections Matter

Ladders may seem simple, but they endure stress, weather exposure, and wear that can compromise their integrity. Regular inspections help identify problems before they cause accidents. Inspections also ensure ladders meet safety standards set by organizations such as OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) or ANSI (American National Standards Institute).

Failing to inspect ladders can lead to:

• Falls resulting in serious injuries or fatalities

• Equipment failure during critical tasks

• Legal and financial consequences for businesses due to non-compliance

  
  

By inspecting ladders regularly, users protect themselves and others, maintain compliance with safety regulations, and extend the ladder’s usable life.

Preparing for a Ladder Inspection

Before starting an inspection, gather the necessary tools and information:

• A checklist tailored to the ladder type (step ladder, extension ladder, platform ladder)

• A clean, well-lit area to examine the ladder closely

• Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety glasses

• Manufacturer’s guidelines and safety labels for reference

  
  

Set aside time to perform inspections routinely, ideally before each use or at least monthly for frequently used ladders.

Key Areas to Inspect on a Ladder

1. Structural Components

Check the ladder’s main parts for damage or wear:

• Side Rails: Look for cracks, bends, corrosion, or splits. Side rails provide the ladder’s strength and stability.

• Rungs and Steps: Ensure rungs are secure, free of cracks, and not slippery. Loose or damaged rungs can cause falls.

• Feet and Base: Inspect rubber or plastic feet for wear or missing parts. Worn feet reduce grip and increase slipping risk.

• Locks and Hinges: For extension or folding ladders, verify locks engage properly and hinges move smoothly without damage.

  
  

2. Signs of Wear and Damage

Wear can appear in many forms:

• Corrosion or Rust: Metal ladders exposed to moisture may develop rust, weakening the structure.

• Splinters or Cracks: Wooden ladders can splinter or crack, especially if stored improperly.

• Deformation: Bent or twisted parts indicate the ladder has been overloaded or mishandled.

• Missing Components: Missing rivets, bolts, or safety labels reduce ladder safety.

  
  

3. Cleanliness and Surface Condition

A ladder covered in grease, oil, mud, or paint can cause slips. Clean ladders regularly and check for slippery substances on steps and rails.

4. Proper Labeling and Safety Information

Labels provide critical safety instructions and load ratings. Confirm that:

• Labels are present and legible

• Load capacity matches intended use

• Safety warnings are clear and intact

  
  

If labels are missing or unreadable, replace them or remove the ladder from service until corrected.

Conducting the Inspection Step-by-Step

1. Visual Check: Walk around the ladder and look for obvious damage or missing parts.

2. Physical Test: Gently shake the ladder to detect loose components.

3. Step Test: Carefully climb a few steps to feel for stability and secure footing.

4. Lock Test: Engage all locks and hinges to ensure they hold firmly.

5. Label Review: Read all safety and instruction labels for clarity.

   
   

Document findings and take photos if damage is found. Tag ladders that fail inspection and remove them from use until repaired or replaced.

Tips for Maintaining Ladder Safety

• Store ladders in dry, sheltered areas to prevent weather damage.

• Avoid overloading ladders beyond their rated capacity.

• Use ladders only for their intended purpose.

• Train all users on proper ladder setup, use, and inspection.

• Schedule regular inspections and keep records for compliance audits.

  
  

Examples of Common Ladder Issues

• A metal extension ladder with rusted side rails that weaken under load

• A wooden step ladder with cracked steps due to age and moisture exposure

• Missing rubber feet causing the ladder to slip on smooth surfaces

• Loose locking mechanisms on a folding ladder that fail to secure properly

  
  

Each of these issues can cause accidents if unnoticed. Regular inspections catch these problems early.

The Role of Compliance in Ladder Safety

Workplaces must follow safety regulations to protect employees. OSHA requires employers to inspect ladders regularly and maintain them in safe condition. Failure to comply can result in fines and increased liability.

Regular inspections demonstrate a commitment to safety and help avoid costly penalties. They also foster a culture of safety awareness among workers.